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Advance care plan barriers in older patients with end-stage renal disease - a qualitative nephrologist interview study

O'RIORDAN, Julien ; NOBLE, Helen ; KANE, P. M. ; SMYTH, Andrew
BMJ supportive and palliative care, 25/06/2019, Pagination inconnue

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Thème : Age de la vie, situations spécifiques liées à la fin de vie.

FIN VIE ; PLANIFICATION ; SOIN ; DIALYSE ; ARRET THERAPEUTIQUE ; INSUFFISANCE RENALE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; PRISE EN CHARGE ; PERSONNE AGEE

OBJECTIVES: Older patients with end-stage renal disease are willing participants in advance care planning but just over 10% are engaged in this process. Nephrologists fear such conversations may upset patients and so tend to avoid these discussions. This approach denies patients the opportunity to discuss their end-of-life care preferences. Many patients endure medically intensive end-of-life scenarios as a result. This study aims to explore the rationale underpinning nephrologists' clinical decision-making in the management of older patients with end-stage renal disease and to make recommendations that inform policymakers and enhance advance care planning for this patient group.
METHODS: A qualitative interview study of 20 nephrologists was undertaken. Nephrologists were asked about their management of end-stage renal disease in older patients, conservative management, dialysis withdrawal and end-of-life care. Eligible participants were nephrologists working in Ireland. Five nephrologists participated in a recorded focus group and 15 nephrologists participated in individual digitally recorded telephone interviews. Semistructured interviews were conducted; thematic analysis was used to distil the results.
RESULTS: Three key themes emerged: barriers to advance care planning; barriers to shared decision-making; and avoidance of end-of-life care discussion.
CONCLUSIONS: Advance care planning is not an integral part of the routine care of older patients with end-stage renal disease. Absence of formal training of nephrologists in how to communicate with patients contributes to poor advance care planning. Nephrologists lack clinical experience of conservatively managing end-stage renal disease and end-of-life care in older patients. Key policy recommendations include formal communication skills training for nephrologists and development of the conservative management service.

Origine : PubMed

Variability in palliative care use after intracerebral hemorrhage at US hospitals - a multilevel analysis

FAIGLE, Roland ; GOTTESMAN, Rebecca F.
Neuroepidemiology, 25/06/2019, 9 p.

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Thème : Soins. Cote : eD02.00

FIN VIE ; SOIN ; DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; HEMORRAGIE ; CERVEAU ; ETATS-UNIS ; HOSPITALISATION

Background: Palliative care (PC) is an essential component of comprehensive care of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In the present study, we sought to characterize the variability of PC use after ICH among US hospitals.
Methods: ICH admissions from hospitals with at least 12 annual ICH cases were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2008 and 2011. We used multilevel logistic regression modeling to estimate between-hospital variance in PC use. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), proportional variance change, and median OR after accounting for individual-level and hospital-level covariates.
Results: Among 26,791 ICH admissions, 12.5% received PC (95% CI 11.5-13.5). Among the 629 included hospitals, the median rate of PC use was 9.1 (interquartile range 1.5-19.3) per 100 ICH admissions, and 150 (23.9%) hospitals had no recorded PC use. The ICC of the random intercept (null) model was 0.274, suggesting that 27.4% of the overall variability in PC use was due to between-hospital variability. Adding hospital-level covariates to the model accounted for 25.8% of the between-hospital variance observed in the null model, with 74.2% of between-hospital variance remaining unexplained. The median OR of the fully adjusted model was 2.62 (95% CI 2.41-2.89), indicating that a patient moving from 1 hospital to another with a higher intrinsic propensity of PC use had a 2.63-fold median increase in the odds of receiving PC, independent of patient and hospital factors.
Conclusions: Substantial variation in PC use after ICH exists among US hospitals. A substantial proportion of this between-hospital variability remains unexplained even after accounting for patient and hospital characteristics.

Origine : PubMed

Cultural considerations in forgoing enteral feeding - a comparison between the Hong Kong Chinese, North American, and Malaysian Islamic patients with advanced dementia at the end-of-life

NGAN, Olivia M. Y. ; BERGSTRESSER, Sara M. ; SANIP, Suhaila ; EMDADUL HAQUE, A. T. M. ; CHAN, Helen Y. L. ; AU, Derrick K. S.
Developing world bioethics, 26/06/2019, Pagination inconnue

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Thème : Ethique et déontologie.

BIOETHIQUE ; FIN VIE ; DEMENCE ; NUTRITION ENTERALE ; CULTURE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; HONG KONG ; ETATS-UNIS ; MALAISIE ; ANALYSE COMPARATIVE

Cultural competence, a clinical skill to recognise patients' cultural and religious beliefs, is an integral element in patient-centred medical practice. In the area of death and dying, physicians' understanding of patients' and families' values is essential for the delivery of culturally appropriate care. Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the decline of cognitive functions. When the condition progresses and deteriorates, patients with advanced dementia often have eating and swallowing problems and are at high risk of developing malnutrition. Enteral tube feeding is a conventional means of providing artificial nutrition and hydration to meet nutritional needs, but its benefits to the frail population are limitedly shown in the clinical evidence. Forgoing tube feeding is ethically challenging when patients are mentally incompetent and in the absence of an advance directive. Unlike some developed countries, like the United States of America, death and dying is a sensitive issue or even a taboo in some cultures in developing countries that forgoing enteral tube feeding is clinically and ethically challenging, such as China and Malaysia. This article in three parts 1) discusses the clinical and ethical issues related to forgoing tube feeding among patients with advanced dementia, 2) describes how Hong Kong Chinese, North American, and Malaysian Islamic cultures respond differently in the decision-making patterns of forgoing tube feeding for patients with advanced dementia, and 3) reiterates the clinical implications of cultural competence in end-of-life care.

Origine : PubMed

Palliative care services in pediatric oncology

SPRUIT, Jessica L. ; PRINCE-PAUL, Maryjo
Annals of palliative medicine, 02/2019, vol.8, n°Suppl 1, p. S49-S57

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Thème : Age de la vie, situations spécifiques liées à la fin de vie. Cote : eD05.01.00

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; QUALITE VIE ; CANCER ; PHASE TERMINALE ; ADOLESCENT ; CANCEROLOGIE ; ENFANT ; ACCES SOIN ; PEDIATRIE ; FAMILLE

Pediatric cancer has experienced significant improvement in overall survival rates over the past several decades. Despite this progress, however, it remains the leading cause of death from disease beyond infancy in children. Among the children and adolescents that survive their cancer diagnosis, significant symptom burden and toxicities of therapy are often experienced. The evidence presented affords great insight in to the current empirical support for pediatric palliative care involvement, current utilization of palliative care services in the care of children with cancer and their families, and barriers that have been identified to date. Positive trends toward increased, appropriate integration of palliative care services in the care of children with cancer and their families have been observed. Continued research, advocacy, and education are necessary to optimize the care of this vulnerable population of patients and their families.

Origine : PubMed

Symptomatic treatment of dyspnea in advanced cancer patients - a narrative review of the current literature

STRIEDER, Matthaus ; PECHERSTORFER, Martin ; KREYE, Gudrun
Wiener medizinische wochenschrift, 10/2018, vol.168, n°13-14, p. 333-343

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Thème : Médecine.

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; CANCER ; ANALGESIQUE OPIOIDE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; DYSPNEE ; BENZODIAZEPINE

Background: Dyspnea is a common, very distressing symptom in advanced cancer patients that challenges them, their relatives, and healthcare professionals. This narrative review summarizes important literature dealing with the evidence for opioids, benzodiazepines, oxygen, and steroids for treating dyspnea in advanced cancer patients.
Methods: A selective literature search was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library and extended with literature from the reference lists of included studies up to April 2016. Inclusion criteria were that patients were suffering from advanced cancer and were receiving either opioids, benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, or oxygen. The outcome of interest was the reduction of dyspnea measured via a visual analogue scale (VAS), a numerical rating scale (NRS), or a Borg scale. This narrative review describes in detail the findings of 13 studies.
Results: Nine studies deal with the effectiveness of opioids for reducing dyspnea in advanced cancer patients. Five of these found a significant benefit to the use of opioids compared to a placebo. Three found no significant improvements, and two favored combinations of opioids and benzodiazepines. Few high-quality studies were available that used benzodiazepines (n = 3, no difference, significant improvement with midazolam + morphine, significant difference for midazolam) or oxygen (n = 2, both without significant difference). Only one study examined treating dyspnea with steroids in patients with advanced cancer, and that study indicated a benefit of steroids compared to a placebo.
Conclusions: Opioids are the drug of choice for treating refractory dyspnea in advanced cancer patients. Neither benzodiazepines nor oxygen showed significant benefit. In addition, there is insufficient literature available to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of steroids for treating persistent dyspnea in advanced cancer patients.

Origine : PubMed

Patterns and outcomes of care in children with advanced heart disease receiving palliative care consultation

MARCUS, Katherine L. ; BALKIN, Emily M. ; AL-SAYEGH, Hasan ; GUSLITS, Elyssa ; BLUME, Elizabeth D. ; MA, Clement ; WOLFE, Joanne
JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT, 02/2018, vol.55, n°2, p. 351-358

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Thème : Age de la vie, situations spécifiques liées à la fin de vie. Cote : eD05.01.00

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; ADOLESCENT ; EQUIPE SOIGNANTE ; ETUDE RETROSPECTIVE ; FAMILLE ; ENFANT ; NOURRISSON ; NOUVEAU NE ; JEUNE ADULTE ; PEDIATRIE ; MALADIE CARDIOVASCULAIRE ; FIN VIE ; SOIN

Context: Although access to subspecialty pediatric palliative care (PPC) is increasing, little is known about the role of PPC for children with advanced heart disease (AHD).
Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine features of subspecialty PPC involvement for children with AHD.
Methods: This is a retrospective single-institution medical record review of patients with a primary diagnosis of AHD for whom the PPC team was initially consulted between 2011 and 2016.
Results: Among 201 patients, 87% had congenital/structural heart disease, the remainder having acquired/nonstructural heart disease. Median age at initial PPC consultation was 7.7 months (range 1 day-28.8 years). Of the 92 patients who were alive at data collection, 73% had received initial consultation over one year before. Most common indications for consultation were goals of care (80%) and psychosocial support (54%). At initial consultation, most families (67%) expressed that their primary goal was for their child to live as long and as comfortably as possible. Among deceased patients (n = 109), median time from initial consultation to death was 33 days (range 1 day-3.6 years), and children whose families expressed that their primary goal was for their child to live as comfortably as possible were less likely to die in the intensive care unit (P = 0.03) and more likely to die in the setting of comfort care or withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions (P = 0.008).
Conclusion: PPC involvement for children with AHD focuses on goals of care and psychosocial support. Findings suggest that PPC involvement at end of life supports goal-concordant care. Further research is needed to clarify the impact of PPC on patient outcomes.

Origine : PubMed

Endoscopic palliation of biliary obstruction

AADAM, A. Aziz ; LIU, Kevin
Journal of surgical oncology, 07/2019, vol.120, n°1, p. 57-64

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Thème : Médecine.

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; CANCER DIGESTIF ; DRAINAGE LYMPHATIQUE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; PANCREAS

Advanced pancreaticobiliary malignancy tends to be uncurable at presentation and causes significant morbidity for patients. Palliation for malignant biliary obstruction should be minimally invasive, cost-effective, and aim to improve quality of life of patients. Strategies of endoscopic palliation of malignant biliary obstruction can differ based on sites and degree of biliary obstruction with complex decisions of optimal stent type and placement that involve conscientious planning by a multidisciplinary team.

Origine : PubMed

Cancer patients' perceptions of palliative care

CHOSICH, Benjamin ; BURGESS, Marjorie ; EARNEST, Arul ; FRANCO, Michael ; RUNACRES, Fiona ; WILLIAM, Leeroy ; POON, Peter ; YOONG, Jaclyn
Supportive care in cancer, 19/06/2019, p. 1-8

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Thème : Soins.

REPRESENTATION ; PHASE PALLIATIVE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; CANCER ; TRAJECTOIRE MALADIE ; PATIENT

PURPOSE: Despite clear benefits of early integration of palliative care (PC) and oncology, concerns remain about negative perceptions of PC. Our aim was to explore current knowledge and perceptions of PC in cancer patients.
METHODS: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional survey. A 16-item questionnaire was distributed to all cancer patients (N=103) upon admission to the oncology ward of an Australian tertiary academic hospital. Chi-squared test was used to examine for significant factors related to patients' perceptions.
RESULTS: Ninety-six patients (93%) completed the questionnaire; 76% had metastatic cancer. We explored the following domains: Experience and knowledge: 76% had heard of PC; 21% had received PC. Self-rated PC knowledge was varied. Forty-five percent believed that PC was only associated with EOLC; those more likely to disagree had received PC services (p=0.039). Integration of PC and oncology: Majority believed that they could receive oncology care (86%) and anti-cancer treatment (81%) whilst receiving PC. Those who had heard of PC and with better self-rated knowledge were more likely to believe that they could receive concurrent anti-cancer treatment (p=0.005, p=0.045, respectively). Feelings: 77% felt comforted with PC involvement; this was significantly associated with older age (p=0.047) and understanding that oncology (p<0.005) and anti-cancer treatment (p=0.013) could continue. However, some felt frightened (40%) and hopeless (29%) about referral to PC. Fifty percent felt more comfortable with referral to 'supportive care' services (versus PC).
CONCLUSIONS: Our survey demonstrates reasonable understanding and relatively positive feelings about PC, associated with experience and knowledge. Nonetheless, there is ongoing need for better patient and public education about PC.

Origine : PubMed

Drug management in end-of-life hospitalized palliative care cancer patients - the RHESO cohort study

VALLARD, Alexis ; MORISSON, Stéphanie ; TINQUAUT, Fabien ; CHAUVIN, Franck ; ORIOL, Mathieu ; CHAPELLE, Céline ; SOTTON, Sandrine ; MAGNE, Nicolas ; TARDY, Bernard ; BOURMAUD, Aurélie
Oncology, 20/06/2019, 11 p.

Document en ligne

Thème : Médecine.

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; FIN VIE ; SOIN ; CANCER ; PHASE TERMINALE ; QUALITE SOIN ; PRISE EN CHARGE ; THERAPEUTIQUE MEDICAMENTEUSE ; ETUDE COHORTE

Objective: Little data about the management of drugs in terminally ill palliative care cancer patients is available. The present study aimed at describing the evolution of anticancer and non-anticancer treatments (NACTs) in cancer patients in palliative care units. The second objective was to identify factors leading to the medical decision to withdraw or not NACTs.
Methods: Data from 1,091 cancer patients hospitalized in palliative care units were prospectively collected in 2010-2011, through a multicenter, observational French cohort.
Results: The median overall survival after admittance in palliative care units was 15 days. Specific anticancer treatments were systematically stopped in the first 24 h in palliative care units, but for 4.5% of patients. Regarding NACTs, patients were heavily treated with strong opioids (74%), corticosteroids (51%), and antidepressants (21.8%) until death. Antiulcer agents (63.4%), antibiotics (25.7%), thrombosis prevention (21.8%), antidiabetics (7.6%), and transfusions (4%) were often also continuously prescribed. In multivariate analysis, ECOG PS 4 was an independent predictor of continuous prescription of morphine and an independent predictor of discontinuation of corticosteroids, proton-pump inhibitors, antidiabetics, and preventive anticoagulant therapy. Infection symptoms independently predicted continuous prescription of paracetamol. Paralysis and cancer palpable mass independently predicted corticosteroid withdrawal. Brain metastases independently predicted antiulcer withdrawal. Hemorrhage independently predicted preventive anticoagulant withdrawal. Availability to a venous access independently predicted paracetamol and antiulcer continuous prescriptions. Co-prescriptions independently predicted continuous prescriptions (antibiotics with antiulcer, antifungals with antibiotics) or withdrawal (preventive anticoagulant with antiplatelets and antifungals).
Conclusions: NACT prescription remained commonplace in terminally ill palliative cancer patients, although their benefit is questionable.

Origine : PubMed

Quality of life of Moroccan patients on the palliative phase of advanced cancer

AHLAM, Aitouma ; HIND, Mrabti ; HADDOU RAHOU, Bouchra ; RACHID, Razine ; HASSAN, Errihani
BMC research notes, 21/06/2019, vol.12, n°1, 6 p.

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Thème : Soins. Cote : eD02.04.05

MAROC ; QUALITE VIE ; CANCER ; PHASE TERMINALE ; DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; ECHELLE MESURE

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life of caregiver's. The study was conducted at the RABAT National Institute of Oncology in MOROCCO.
Results: 120 patients on the palliative phase of advanced cancer were included. Severe fatigue was observed in 64.2% of patients with an average of 90.55±14.7. There was a positive association between functional dimensions and overall quality of life and a negative association between symptoms and overall quality of life. Patients under 30 years had a lower quality of life. According to the multi-varied analysis, physical function, emotional functioning and fatigue were significant predictors of Health related quality of life/overall quality of life (p<0.05).

Origine : PubMed

Predictive role of temporal changes in intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity during palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer - a prospective cohort study

YOO, Shin Hye ; KANG, Seo Young ; CHEON, Gi Jeong ; OH, Do-Youn ; BANG, Yung-Jue
Journal of nuclear medicine, 14/06/2019, Pagination inconnue

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Thème : Médecine.

CANCER DIGESTIF ; METABOLISME ; BIOLOGIE ; CHIMIOTHERAPIE ; PHASE TERMINALE

Metabolic intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is known to be related with cancer treatment outcome. However, information on the temporal changes in metabolic ITH during chemotherapy and the correlations between metabolic changes and treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer is sparse. We aimed to analyze the temporal changes in metabolic ITH and the predictive role of its changes in advanced pancreatic cancer patients who underwent palliative chemotherapy. Methods: We prospectively enrolled unresectable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer patients before first-line palliative chemotherapy. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed at baseline (T1) and at the first response follow-up (T2). Standardized uptake values (SUVs), volumetric parameters, and textural features of the primary pancreatic tumor were analyzed. Relationships between the parameters at T1, T2, and changes in the parameters with treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results: Among 63 enrolled patients, the best objective response rate was 25.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.6% to 37.0%). The median PFS and OS were 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 9.7 months) and 10.1 months (95% CI, 8.6 to 12.7 months), respectively. Most of the parameters changed significantly during the first-line chemotherapy, in a way of reducing ITH. Metabolic ITH was more profoundly reduced in responders than in nonresponders. Multiple Cox regression analysis identified high baseline compacity (P = 0.023) and smaller decreases in SUVpeak (P = 0.007) and entropygray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) (P = 0.033) to be independently associated with poor PFS. Patients with a high CA 19-9 (P = 0.042), high pretreatment SUVpeak (P = 0.008), and high coefficient of variance at T2 (P = 0.04) showed worse OS. Conclusion: Reduction in metabolic ITH during palliative chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer patients is associated with treatment response and might be predictive of PFS and OS.

Origine : PubMed

The utilization of palliative care services in patients with cirrhosis who have been denied liver transplantation - a single center retrospective review

KELLY, Sean G. ; CAMPBELL, Toby C. ; HILLMAN, Luke ; SAID, Adnan ; LUCEY, Michael R. ; AGARWAL, Parul D.
Annals of hepatology, 01/05/2017, vol.16, n°3, p. 395-401

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Thème : Médecine. Cote : eD03.05

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; QUALITE VIE ; UNITE SOINS PALLIATIFS ; MALADIE ; FOIE ; PHASE TERMINALE

Introduction and Aim: Utilization of palliative care services in patients dying of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) is understudied. We performed a retrospective review of palliative care services among patients with ESLD unsuitable for liver transplantation (LT) at a tertiary care center.
Material and Methods: Deceased ESLD patients considered unsuitable for LT from 2007-2012 were identified. Patients were excluded if they received a transplant, had an incomplete workup, were lost to follow up or whose condition improved so LT was not needed. Of the 1,175 patients reviewed, 116 met inclusion criteria.
Results: Forty patients (34.4%) received an inpatient palliative care (PC) consultation and forty-one patients (35.3%) were referred directly to hospice. Thirty-three patients (28.4%) transitioned to comfort measures without PC consultation (median survival < 1 day). The median interval between LT denial and PC consultation or hospice was 28 days. Median survival after PC consult or hospice referral was 15 days. In conclusion, in a single center retrospective review of ESLD patients, palliative care services, when utilized, were for care at the very end of life. Without consultation, aggressive interventions continued until hours before death. We propose that ESLD patients could benefit from PC consultation at time of LT evaluation or based on MELD scores.

Origine : ScienceDirect

Considerations and recommendations for conducting qualitative research interviews with palliative and end-of-life care patients in the home setting - a consensus paper

SIVELL, Stephanie ; PROUT, Hayley ; HOPEWELL-KELLY, Noreen ; BAILLIE, Jessica ; BYRNE, Anthony ; EDWARDS, Michelle ; HARROP, Emily ; NOBLE, Simon ; SAMPSON, Catherine ; NELSON, Annmarie
BMJ supportive and palliative care, 03/2019, vol.9, n°1, 7 p.

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Thème : Recherche - Evaluation - Méthodologie. Cote : eD15.01

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; ADULTE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; RECHERCHE MEDICALE ; COMPORTEMENT ; DOMICILE ; SOIN DOMICILE ; ENTRETIEN ; RECOMMANDATION ; RECHERCHE QUALITATIVE ; METHODE

Objectives: To present and discuss the views of researchers at an academic palliative care research centre on research encounters with terminally ill patients in the home setting and to generate a list of recommendations for qualitative researchers working in palliative and end-of-life care.
Methods: Eight researchers took part in a consensus meeting to discuss their experiences of undertaking qualitative interviews. The researchers were of varying backgrounds and all reported having experience in interviewing terminally ill patients, and all but one had experience of interviewing patients in their home environment.
Results: The main areas discussed by researchers included: whether participation in end-of-life research unintentionally becomes a therapeutic experience or an ethical concern; power relationships between terminally ill patients and researchers; researcher reflexivity and reciprocity; researchers' training needs. Qualitative methods can complement the home environment; however, it can raise ethical and practical challenges, which can be more acute in the case of research undertaken with palliative and patients at the end-of-life.
Conclusions: The ethical and practical challenges researchers face in this context has the potential to place both participant and researcher at risk for their physical and psychological well-being. We present a set of recommendations for researchers to consider prior to embarking on qualitative research in this context and advocate researchers in this field carefully consider the issues presented on a study-by-study basis.

Origine : PubMed

The extended palliative phase of dementia - an integrative literature review

HANSON, Elizabeth ; HELLSTRÖM, Amanda ; SANDVIDE, Åsa ; JACKSON, Graham A. ; MACRAE, Rhoda ; WAUGH, Anna ; ABREU, Wilson ; TOLSON, Debbie
Dementia, 01/2019, vol.18, n°1, p. 108-134

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Thème : Médecine.

DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE ; PHASE PALLIATIVE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; AIDANT NATUREL ; DEMENCE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; PLANIFICATION ; REVUE LITTERATURE

This article presents an integrative literature review of the experience of dementia care associated with the extended palliative phase of dementia. The aim was to highlight how dementia is defined in the literature and describe what is known about the symptomatology and management of advanced dementia regarding the needs and preferences of the person with dementia and their family carer/s. There was no consistent definition of advanced dementia. The extended palliative phase was generally synonymous with end-of-life care. Advanced care planning is purported to enable professionals to work together with people with dementia and their families. A lack of understanding of palliative care among frontline practitioners was related to a dearth of educational opportunities in advanced dementia care. There are few robust concepts and theories that embrace living the best life possible during the later stages of dementia. These findings informed our subsequent work around the concept, 'Dementia Palliare'.

Origine : PubMed

Population-based analysis of radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment in the last month of life within regional Australia

PITSON, Graham ; MATHESON, Leigh ; GARRARD, Brooke ; EASTMAN, Peter ; ROGERS, Margaret
Internal medicine journal, 03/06/2019, Pagination inconnue

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Thème : Médecine.

FIN VIE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; CHIMIOTHERAPIE ; RADIOTHERAPIE ; AUSTRALIE

AIM: To report a population-based analysis of both radiotherapy and active systemic therapy (AST) delivery rates along with patterns of treatment within the last 14 and 30 days of life.
METHODS: The Evaluation of Cancer Outcomes (ECO) Registry records clinical information on all newly diagnosed cancer patients for the Barwon South West Region of Victoria, Australia. Diagnosis details, tumour type and stage as well as core treatment details and date of death were extracted for all patients diagnosed from 2009-2015 inclusive.
RESULTS: A total of 12,760 cancers were recorded. The median age of all cases was 68.8 and 53% were male. AST was received by 3699 (29%) of patients and radiotherapy by 3811 (30%). Patient deaths within 14 and 30 days of treatment for AST were 4.3% and 8.7% respectively and deaths within 14 and 30 days of treatment for radiotherapy 3.8% and 8.0% respectively. Factors associated with death within 30 days of AST and/or radiotherapy were male gender, age greater than 70 years and higher disease stage (all p<0.01). Treatment rates within 30 days of death were highest for lung cancer (23% of cases) and lowest for breast cancer (2% of cases).
CONCLUSIONS: This population-based analysis of AST and radiotherapy treatment within the last 30 days of life within a region of Australia has shown overall treatment rates below 10%. Treatment rates appear influenced by both patient and tumour characteristics. Future focus on subgroups with high rates of late intervention may help minimise treatment unlikely to add benefit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Origine : PubMed

Development and validation of the comprehensive quality of life outcome (COQOLO) inventory for patients with advanced cancer

MIYASHITA, Mitsunori ; WADA, Makoto ; MORITA, Tatsuya ; ISHIDA, Mayumi ; ONISHI, Hideki ; TSUNETO, Satoru ; SHIMA, Yasuo
BMJ supportive and palliative care, 03/2019, vol.9, n°1, p. 75-83

Document en ligne

Thème : Recherche - Evaluation - Méthodologie.

QUALITE VIE ; CANCER ; JAPON ; PHASE TERMINALE ; ECHELLE MESURE ; REPRESENTATION MORT ; QUESTIONNAIRE ; UNITE SOINS PALLIATIFS

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale capable of measuring comprehensive quality of life (QOL) outcomes based on the concept of a good death for patients with advanced cancer.
METHODS: We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire survey on inpatients being treated at the Oncology Clinic in Saitama Medical University International Medical Center and seven palliative units throughout Japan.
RESULTS: A total of 405 patients with cancer participated in this study. Factor analysis of scores on the Comprehensive Quality of Life Outcome (CoQoLo) inventory revealed 28 items and the following 10 subscales: physical and psychological comfort; staying in a favourite place; maintaining hope and pleasure; good relationships with medical staff; not being a burden to others; good relationships with family; independence; environmental comfort; being respected as an individual; and having a fulfilling life. The total CoQoLo score was moderately correlated with satisfaction (r=0.34) and overall QOL (r=0.34), and moderately correlated with feelings of support and security regarding cancer care (r=0.44). Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficient of the total score were 0.90 and 0.79, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the total CoQoLo score and self-reported Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (r=-0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the CoQoLo has sufficient reliability and validity and therefore provides an accurate measure of QOL outcomes independent of the general physical condition of the patient.

Origine : PubMed

Preparing future doctors for palliative care - views of course organisers

WALKER, Steven ; GIBBINS, Jane ; PAES, Paul ; BARCLAY, Stephen ; ADAMS, Astrid ; CHANDRATILAKE, Madawa ; GISHEN, Faye ; LODGE, Philip ; WEE, Bee
BMJ supportive and palliative care, 09/2018, vol.8, n°3, p. 299-306

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Thème : Soins.

MEDECIN ; ETUDIANT ; COMMUNICATION ; PHASE TERMINALE ; ROYAUME UNI ; UNITE SOINS PALLIATIFS ; FORMATION ; PRISE EN CHARGE ; PATIENT ; UNIVERSITE ; QUESTIONNAIRE

BACKGROUND: Effective training at medical school is essential to prepare new doctors to safely manage patients with palliative care (PC) and end of life care (EOLC) needs. The contribution of undergraduate PC course organisers is central but their collective views regarding role are unknown.
OBJECTIVE: To survey attitudes of PC course organisers regarding their course, organisation, the adequacy of training provided and level of personal satisfaction.
METHODS: An anonymised, multifactorial, web-based questionnaire was devised, tested, modified and then sent to lead PC course organisers at all UK medical schools.
RESULTS: Data were obtained from all 30 UK medical schools. Organisers agreed/strongly agreed (=agreed) that their PC course was highly rated by students (26, 87%). 25 (83%) agreed their course 'enabled misconceptions and fears about PC, death, dying and bereavement to be addressed', 'delivered quality PC training' (23, 77%), 'fulfilled General Medical Council requirements' (19, 63%), 'prepared students well to care for patients with PC/EOLC needs' (18, 60%) and 'enabled students to visit a hospice and see the role of doctors in caring for the dying' (17, 57%). Concerns were limited capacity to accommodate students (agreed 20, 66%) and variability in teaching according to location (15, 50%). Most agreed their institution recognised PC training as important (22, 73%), they felt supported by colleagues (21, 70%) and experienced cooperation between stakeholders (20, 67%). All agreed that PC training was essential for undergraduates, while 29 (97%) supported inclusion of a hospice visit in the curriculum. 27 agreed that their role was satisfying (90%), 3 disagreed (10%).
CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two-thirds of organisers were generally positive about their PC course, institution and role. A minority expressed concerns; these may reflect suboptimal PC training at their medical school and poor preparation of new doctors.

Origine : PubMed

Rethinking priorities - experience of an educational initiative to change attitudes, behaviours and clinical practice in end-of-life care

EDWARDS, Annette ; BARROS D'SA, Viv ; HICKS, Fiona
BMJ supportive and palliative care, 03/2019, vol.9, n°1, p. 54-59

Document en ligne

Thème : Soins.

POLITIQUE SANITAIRE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; MILIEU HOSPITALIER ; QUALITE VIE ; ANGLETERRE ; CHOIX ; PATIENT ; ECHANGE ; PAROLE ; PREFERENCE ; SOIN

To implement the National End of Life Care strategy and enable more people to express and achieve their preferences about care at the end of life, senior clinicians outside palliative medicine need to make it a routine part of their practice. However, it is acknowledged that recognising that people are entering the last phase of their illness is not always straightforward, and having conversations about aims of treatment and planning for future care may not be easy. In order to begin to address these challenges, funding was sought from the Yorkshire and the Humber Strategic Health Authority (SHA), and subsequently Health Education England, Yorkshire and the Humber (HEEYH), to pilot a development programme in 2 acute trusts. 2 palliative medicine consultants shared the trainer role at each site, supporting hospital consultants from a range of specialties, with a GP to give a community perspective. The programme involved individual clinicians identifying their own learning needs and specific issues for end-of-life care in their patients. The group met together monthly in action learning sets to discuss issues in a safe yet challenging environment. Following evaluation using a combination of training needs analyses, feedback questionnaires, audits and service evaluations, it was modified slightly and repiloted in 2 further trusts as 'Rethinking Priorities'. This paper describes the programme and its outcomes, especially in relation to participants' learning, service development and leadership. It also highlights the challenges, including different learning styles, the concept of action learning, obtaining funding and dedicated time, and how to evaluate the effectiveness of a programme. Overall, it suggests that an educational initiative based on clinicians identifying their own learning needs, and using an action learning approach to explore issues with other colleagues, with the addition of some targeted sessions, can result in positive change in knowledge, behaviour and clinical practice.

Origine : PubMed

A discourse analysis - one caregiver's voice in end-of-life care

KITT-LEWIS, Erin ; STRAUSS, Susan ; PENROD, Janice
Qualitative health research, 01/01/2018, vol.28, n°3, p. 346-356

Document en ligne

Thème : Soins.

ETATS-UNIS ; PHASE TERMINALE ; FIN VIE ; AIDANT NATUREL ; RECHERCHE QUALITATIVE ; METHODE ; SCLEROSE LATERALE AMYOTROPHIQUE ; RECIT VIE

Informal family caregivers make a significant contribution to the U.S. health care system, and the need for caregivers will likely increase. Gaining deeper insights into the caregiver experience will provide essential knowledge needed to support the future caregiver workforce delivering care. Discourse analysis is a viable approach in analyzing textual caregiver data that focuses on the end-of-life caregiving experience. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth discourse analytic examination of 13 hours of caregiver interview data, which reveal the multiplicity of shifting stances and perceptions of one caregiver in the midst of end-of-life care, specifically with regard to his perceptions of self (caregiver) and other (care recipient). By isolating a specific but limited set of reference terms used throughout the discourse, we gained systematic glimpses into the mind and perceptions of this single caregiver in relation to his role as caregiver for his terminally ill wife.

Origine : PubMed

Permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters for palliation of refractory ascites in end-stage liver disease - a systematic review

MACKEN, Lucia ; HASHIM, Ahmed ; MASON, Louise ; VERMA, Sumita
Liver international, 01/06/2019, Pagination inconnue

Document en ligne

Thème : Recherche - Evaluation - Méthodologie.

ASCITE ; CANCER DIGESTIF ; FOIE ; PHASE TERMINALE ; REVUE LITTERATURE ; METHODE

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The incidence and mortality from end-stage liver disease is increasing, with a minority eligible for liver transplantation. Ascites is the commonest complication of end-stage liver disease and large volume paracentesis (LVP) the accepted management strategy where refractory to medical treatment. In malignant ascites, permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters (PIPC) are an established palliative intervention. The aims are to describe available data using permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters in refractory ascites due to end-stage liver disease.
METHODS: Using systematic review methodology, databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL [The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature], Google Scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception-March 2018), for studies combining ascites and palliative care. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to results.
RESULTS: Following initial and updated searches, 225 studies were identified for full text review, 18 were eligible for final analysis. The studies displayed heterogeneity in design, reported on different indwelling catheters and were overall of low quality. Only one pilot randomised controlled trial was identified, of PIPC versus LVP, recruiting one patient into each arm. Technical insertion success was 100%, with low rates of non-infectious complications (<12%), none life threatening. Rates of bacterial peritonitis were not unacceptably high (12.7%), considering this was an end-stage liver disease population and only a minority utilising long-term prophylactic antibiotics. Only one study attempted quality-of-life assessments; none addressed potential health economic benefits.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite lack of well-designed studies, preliminary data suggests low significant complication rates; however safety and efficacy of permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters in end-stage liver disease remains to be confirmed. Further prospective randomised controlled trials are warranted, potentially translating permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters into improved palliative care in end-stage liver disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Origine : PubMed

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ACCOMPAGNEMENT CANCER DEMARCHE PALLIATIVE DOULEUR ETHIQUE EVALUATION FAMILLE FIN VIE MORT PATIENT PHASE TERMINALE QUALITE VIE SEDATION SOIN SYMPTOME

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